Reports within the materials research area

The Skellefte district, northern Sweden, is known for its many c. 1.89 Ga volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. It is, however, less known that the northern part of the district hosts different style of intrusion hosted Au±Cu±Mo±Au deposits, situated in the Palaeoproterozoic Jörn Granitoid Complex (JGC). The deposits are spatially related to quartz-feldspar porphyric dykes, which intruded pre to syn-mineralisation. The relationships between the different deposit styles are unknown, and in this study we aim to study the age and temporal relationships of the host rocks of the intrusive hosted deposits. Zircon U-Pb ages have been obtained from one alteration and mine different host rocks, of which three are plutonic rocks from the JGC and seven are from quartz-feldspar porphyritic (QFP) dykes and intrusions crosscutting the JGC. The three intrusive rocks are from the southern part, while the QFP dykes are from the southern (five samples), western (one sample) and from the northwestern (one sample) part of the JGC.

U-Pb ages of zircons have been obtained at the NORDSIM facility, Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, and plotted in U-Pb concordia diagrams. The radiometric ages for the plutonic rocks are c. 1887 Ma while the QFP dykes formed through recycling of c. 1886 Ma old crust and intruded at c. 1877 Ma throughout the study area.

  2010-048.pdf

The report aims to highlight how current issues surrounding the heat flow through windows is calculated and simulated.

The focus has been on how convection can affect the U-value (heat transfer coefficient).

Since the energy transport is linked together the report have also looked at the g-value (solar factor).

The report presents and discusses a number of computional programs.

They handle the energy transport in various ways, mainly because the programs have different uses.

The aim has been to look into these programs and show how they connect to different standards.

The report is addressed to people who work with energy calculations, but are not sure how windows should be handled in the calculations.

The pros and cons of the different ways to approximate the heat flow through windows is discussed.

09-053 Hur egenkonvektion mellan glasen påverkar ett fönsters U-vräde

None of existing materials satisfy to parameters required for efficient hydrogen storage on-board of hydro-driven vehicles. One of the most promising types of materials for hydrogen storage application is Metal Organic Framework Materials (MOF's).

Hundreds of MOF's are synthesized every year in various laboratories; systematic study of their hydrogen adsorption properties is rather important. Search for new MOF's and for methods to modify their structure for increased adsorption is one of the main priorities of our research. /p>

One of the methods reported in literature is doping MOF's with catalytic metal particles which according to some studies results in 5-8 fold increase of hydrogen adsorption by so called "spillover mechanism". Spillover suggests dissociation of molecular hydrogen on metal particles and migration of atomic hydrogen to carbon and then to MOF material.

Within current project we studied hydrogen storage parameters of MOF-5 material doped by metal catalyst according to published methods. However, we did not observed any signs of "spillover effect" in our experiments. Similar results are simultaneously published by one more group which is co-authored worlds known expert in physisorption of hydrogen by high surface area materials.

There is ongoing discussion on possible reasons for contradictory results from different groups.  At the same time the reserach activity is focused also on synthesis of new hydrogen storage materials based on carbon. New methods for synthesis of nanocarbons using various organic precursors and fullerenes are developed.

Finally, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation of fullerenes aimed on reversible hydrogen chemisorption and release is studied.

08-069 Hydrogen storage

One of the largest electrical consumers in buildings today is lighting, it is not uncommon that 30-45% of the energy use is due to lighting. There are ways of lowering energy use by choosing efficient light sources and fixtures, but the best way is by only using light when it's needed and in the correct amount. This is possible bu using a lighting control system.

This pilot study has been aimed at mapping out the different types of systems available together with establishing contracts both with researchers and with manufacturing parties. All, to build a base for a continued study, where collaborations between all identified parties can be arranged. Within these collaborations they can partake towards reaching less energy consuming buildings.

Investigations on by which means governing authorities are enforcing less energy consuming buildings have been conducted. Relevant standards have been brought to light and discussed around. Furthermore the most common control systems available today are summarized in this report.

The results of this report will be condensed ino a petition for a grand for continued research within the field.

08-223 Pilot study

This report gives an overview of some current research on windows and window related products from an energy perspective.

It includes a brief summary of what the U-value of a window is and why it is the only value that decides why a product gets an A (as in very energy efficient) or a lower degree (B - G) in the new embryo of Swedish energy standard for windows.

The report includes a brief discussion on the difference between the theoretical U-value that window makers use to label their products and the actual U-value, which depends on climatic conditions and the orientation of the window.

During previous decades (such as the 1980's, and 1990's) intensive worldwide research improved the energy performance of glazing constructions, especially as to give the window a better insulation (lower U-value).

This lead to windows with such low U-value that sometimes external water condensation appears on modern windows. In this report this phenomenon and how to "solve the problem" is briefly discussed. As for solar shading, the glazing producers can not yet deliver the perfect solution. Therefore, a lot of research today is made on solar shading installations and how to measure their energy performance. This is also mentioned in this report.

Since there is a tendency among architects nowadays to create buildings with one or two glazed skins, the report includes an introduction of what kinds of glazed skins exist. Active glazing constructions, such as electro chromic windows, are also touched upon.

06-275_fonster.pdf

The development of new environmentally friendly power sources has been under consideration all over the world. One such technological direction has been the research around hybrid vehicles batteries, which also might lead to new starter batteries.

The 1996 invention of a new class of ceramics; The Mn+1AXn (MAX) phases; where M stands for an early transition metal, A for the A-group (usually IIA and IVA) and X which is either nitrogen or carbon - seems to posses many characteristics useful in that or possibly other battery applications. At KTH the old dream of the bipolar lead-acid battery has been connected to this new material.

However, the formation of an irreversible deactivating protecting film on the surface of one such studied specimen: titanium silicon carbide when used as positive electrode, and also the low hydrogen over potential on the negative electrode made the project two steps further from realization. The two first project stages reported here dealt successfully with these obstacles which clearly showed that the new material can be used as a conductive and electrochemically stable partition in the lead-acid environment.

The remaining work to be done has to prove the expected durability of a practical battery with the new material as well as finding ways to minimize the wall thicknesses in order to lower material costs in this new battery type.

06-113-max-batteri.pdf

The development of new environmentally friendly power sources has been under consideration all over the world. One such technological direction has been the research around hybrid vehicles batteries, which also might lead to new starter batteries.

The 1996 invention of a new class of ceramics; The Mn+1AXn (MAX) phases; where M stands for an early transition metal, A for the A-group (usually IIA and IVA) and X which is either nitrogen or carbon - seems to posses many characteristics useful in that or possibly other battery applications. At KTH the old dream of the bipolar lead-acid battery has been connected to this new material.

However, the formation of an irreversible deactivating protecting film on the surface of one such studied specimen: titanium silicon carbide when used as positive electrode, and also the low hydrogen over potential on the negative electrode made the project two steps further from realization. The two first project stages reported here dealt successfully with these obstacles which clearly showed that the new material can be used as a conductive and electrochemically stable partition in the lead-acid environment.

The remaining work to be done has to prove the expected durability of a practical battery with the new material as well as finding ways to minimize the wall thicknesses in order to lower material costs in this new battery type.

05-286_bipolar_lead-acid_battery.pdf